Kunzwisisa DMARC: Iyo Evolution yeEmail Kusimbisa uye Basa Rayo mukudzivirira Spoofing.

Email inoramba iri imwe yeakanyanya kutsoropodza uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya maturusi ekutaurirana munyika yedhijitari. Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwakawanda mukuchengetedza, rimwe rematambudziko anoramba ari e-mail spoofing-apo mutambi ane hutsinye anotumira maemail ane kero dzenhema dzevatumiri kuti anyengere vanogamuchira.

Nepo iyo Sender Policy Framework (SPF) uye DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) kwaiva kuedza kwekutanga kurwisana neizvi, mumwe nomumwe aive nemiganhu inokosha. Domain-based Message Kusimbisa, Kurekodha, uye Conformance (DMARC) yakaunzwa seshanduko inodiwa, kuvaka paSPF neDKIM kuti ipe nzira yakasimba uye inotungamirwa nepolicy yekusimbisa email.

Heino mhedziso yakanaka kubva Postmark's Guide kune DMARC:

Nei DMARC Yaidiwa

Pamberi peDMARC, SPF neDKIM dzakabatsira kuratidza humwe huchokwadi hweemail, asi dzakashaya nzira dzekusimbisa uye kuenderana mabatirwo akaitwa kutadza kwechokwadi. Semuyenzaniso:

• SPF inotarisa mutumwa wehamvuropu (kureva, nzvimbo yekudzoka-nzira), iyo inogona kusiyana neinooneka From kero inoonekwa nevashandisi.

• DKIM inosaina meseji nekiyi yakavanzika, asi siginicha yakabatana ne d= domain mumusoro, iyo zvakare inogona kusiyana kubva kune inooneka sender domain.

Uku kusawirirana pakati pemisoro yakatendeseka yehunyanzvi uye inooneka yakatarisana nemushandisi yakagadzira nzvimbo isingaoni. Spoofed maimeri anogona kupfuura SPF kana DKIM cheki ichiri kunyengedza vanogamuchira nekunyepedzera. From aderesi.

DMARC inovhara gaka iri nekumanikidza kurongeka pakati peiyo dura mu From musoro uye madomasi anoshandiswa muSPF uye DKIM kusimbiswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuti email ipfuure DMARC, inofanira kupfuura SPF kana DKIM-uye dura rinopfuura rinofanira kuenderana nezvinooneka. From domain.

Mashandiro anoita DMARC (Visual Guide Reference)

Iyo inoyerera iri pazasi inoratidza maitiro epakati anotevera ekugamuchira tsamba server kuti asimbise DMARC:

Matanho anoitika sezvinotevera:

1. Email Yatumirwa: Sevha yekutumira inotumira email inoita seinobva someone@example.com.
2. Email Yagamuchirwa: Iyo inogashira mail server inotanga kuongorora iyo email yechokwadi.
3. DKIM Validation:
   • Inobvisa iyo DKIM siginecha kubva kumisoro.
   • Inofananidza nzvimbo yekusaina (semuenzaniso, d=example.com) ne From domain.
   • Kana madomasi achienderana uye siginecha yeDKIM inoshanda (cryptographically yakasimbiswa uchishandisa veruzhinji DNS kiyi), iyo meseji inoonekwa yakabatana uye yakatenderwa neDKIM.
4. SPF Validation:
   • Inobvisa iyo yekudzoka-nzira domain (envelope sender).
   • Enzanisa ne From domain.
   • Kana madomasi achienderana uye SPF ikapfuura (kureva, kutumira IP inotenderwa neiyo domain's SPF rekodhi), meseji inoenderana neSPF.

Kana pasina SPF kana DKIM ikapfuura nekugadzirisa, DMARC yakundikana. Masangano anogona kuzoraira maseva anogamuchira kuti atore matanho (semuenzaniso, kuvharira kana kuramba meseji) kuburikidza nemutemo wavo weDMARC (p=none, p=quarantine, kana p=reject).

DMARC Keys uye Cryptographic Validation

Nepo dhayagiramu ichiratidzira kuyerera kwemufungo, iyo tekinoroji musana weDMARC inozorora DNS uye cryptography:

• SPF inoshandisa DNS TXT zvinyorwa kunyora kero dzeIP dzakatenderwa kana madomasi anotenderwa kutumira tsamba pachinzvimbo chedunhu.
• DKIM inoshandisa public-key cryptography:
  • Iyo inotumira sevha inosaina iyo email ichishandisa yakavanzika kiyi.
  • Sevha yekugamuchira inoshandisa kiyi yeruzhinji, yakaburitswa muDNS (semuenzaniso, selector._domainkey.example.com), kusimbisa siginicha.
• DMARC inoshandisa DNS TXT rekodhi (semuenzaniso, _dmarc.example.com) iyo inotsanangura mutemo wekubata mameseji asina kutenderwa uye nekusarudza zvinosanganisira mishumo yekugumisira yedata rakaunganidzwa uye marepoti ekuongorora.

Zvakanakira DMARC

DMARC haisi yekungomisa spoofing-inopawo varidzi vedomain kuoneka uye kutonga:

• Kuonekwa: DMARC aggregate mishumo inogonesa varidzi vedomain kuti vaone kuti ndiani arikutumira email achimiririra, zvichibatsira kuona kushungurudzwa kana kusagadziriswa.
• Kuvimba uye kusununguka: Imeyili yakatenderwa inovandudza inbox kuiswa uye kuvimba nemushandisi. Mazhinji makuru mainbox vanopa zvino vanoda kana kuti vanoda mameseji anoenderana neDMARC kuti aendeswe zvakakwana.
• Kudzivirirwa kweBrand: Nekumanikidza kweDMARC munzvimbo, madomasi haanyanyi kubatwa nekuedzesera kurwiswa.

DMARC Implementation Matambudziko uye Mafungiro

Nepo DMARC ine simba, kuita kwayo kwakabudirira uye kugadzirisa kunoda kunyatsoronga, kurongeka kwehunyanzvi, uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwakakwana. Matambudziko akati wandei anogona kumuka, kunyanya mumasangano anoshandisa akawanda echitatu-bato maemail masisitimu kana kushaya chepakati pekutonga pamusoro peDNS yavo kana email masisitimu.

Pakutanga Setup Complexity

Kumisikidza DMARC kunosanganisira zvinopfuura kungoburitsa rekodhi reDNS. Inoda kurongeka kwakaringana neSPF neDKIM marekodhi, uye ese ari maviri aya anofanirawo kugadzirwa nemazvo. The From domain inofanirwa kuenderana chero dura riri muDKIM siginicha (d=) kana iyo envelope sender domain inoshandiswa muSPF. Misconfigurations-senge yakashaikwa makiyi eDKIM, marekodhi ekare eSPF, kana asina kurongeka madomain-anogona kukonzera email yepamutemo kutadza DMARC, zvichikonzera kuburitsa nyaya.

Misalignment Mhiri Kwekutumira Mapuratifomu

Masangano mazhinji anovimba neakawanda masisitimu ekutumira maemail panzvimbo yavo, kusanganisira emukati maemail maseva, ekushambadzira otomatiki mapuratifomu, manejimendi hukama hwevatengi (CRM) masisitimu, maturusi ekutsigira vatengi, uye kunyangwe masisitimu ekubhadharisa. Imwe neimwe yemapuratifomu aya inofanirwa kupihwa mvumo zvakajeka muSPF marekodhi uye/kana kugadzirwa kusaina nemakiyi eDKIM anoenderana. Iyi orchestration haiwanzoiti yega. Vazhinji Email Sevhisi Vanopa (ESPs) (semuenzaniso, Mailchimp) inopa maitiro akanyorwa zvakanaka ekumisikidza SPF neDKIM, uye ari kuwedzera kutungamira DMARC zvakare.

Nekudaro, kunze kweESPs, idzi dziviriro hadziwanzo gadziridzwa nekukasira. Semuenzaniso, kana domain yakanyoreswa kana yekutanga email yekubata sevhisi inopihwa, SPF inogona kuverengerwa; zvisinei, DKIM neDMARC hadzisi kugadzika kunze kwekunge mumwe munhu akazvigadzirisa. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yekunyepa kwekuchengetedzeka - masangano anogona kutenda kuti email yavo yakachengetedzwa kana iri panjodzi yekubirwa.

Outsourcing DMARC Management

Kukunda zvipingaidzo izvi, masangano mazhinji - kunyanya ayo asina zvikwata zvekuchengetedza akazvipira - anotendeukira kune yechitatu-bato DMARC mapuratifomu ekutarisa uye ekusimbisa. Ava vatengesi vanopa masevhisi akadai se:

• DMARC rekodhi kugadzirwa uye inotungamirwa kuseta
• Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa kune ese maemail masosi
• Aggregated report parsing with visual dashboards
• Yambiro kune vatsva vasina mvumo kana DMARC kutadza
• Mazano otomatiki ekugadzirisa mutemo (semuenzaniso, kubva p=none to p=quarantine or p=reject)

Mienzaniso yepuratifomu yakadaro EasyDMARC. Vanoita sevamiriri, kushandura mbishi XML inoshuma mune zvinogoneka zviono uye nekuona kuenderera kurongeka kune yako email ecosystem.

Matambudziko eKutumira uye Yekutumira Rondedzero

DMARC inogona kutyorwa nekusaziva nemaitiro ari pamutemo sekutumira email kana kugovera runyoro rwetsamba. Semuenzaniso, SPF inowanzotadza kana email ichitumirwa kuburikidza neimwe sevha isina kunyorwa mune yekutumira rekodhi rekodhi reSPF. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, DKIM inova nzira yekudzokera shure. Nekudaro, kana rondedzero yetsamba ikachinja meseji (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera tsoka), DKIM inogona zvakare kutadza. Uku kusasimba kunosimbisa kukosha kwekuvharika kwehuviri- kuve nechokwadi kuti zvese SPF neDKIM zviri panzvimbo- uye nekuchengetedza mutemo kuburitswa.

Kushuma Zvakawanda uye Dudziro

Huwandu uye kuomarara kwemishumo yeDMARC inogona kuwanda, kunyanya kumadomasi anobata mavhoriyamu eemail akakwira. Raw XML mishumo yakaoma kududzira pasina nyanzvi maturusi. Masangano anofanirwa kufambisa aya marepoti kuti anzwisise kuti ndeapi masosi ari kutumira tsamba, angave masosi akatenderwa, uye kuti mameseji avo ari kupfuura here kana kutadza kurongeka. Pasina hunyanzvi hwekushandisa kana hunyanzvi hwekunze, maitiro acho anorema uye anowanzo kufuratirwa.

Email Kusimbisa uye DMARC Kugadzirira

Chekupedzisira, masangano anofanira kubata DMARC kuita senzira, kwete basa renguva imwe chete. Kuburitsa mutemo p=reject pasina kusimbisa ese masosi eemail anobuda anogona kuvharisa nekusaziva kutaurirana kwakakosha. Ndosaka iyo yakakurudzirwa deployment strategy inotapudzwa:

1. Tanga ne p=none kuunganidza data.
2. Ongorora nekugadzirisa nyaya dzekugadzirisa.
3. Enda kune p=quarantine kutadza nzira kune spam folders.
4. Pakupedzisira simbisa p=reject kuvhara maemail akashata zvachose.

Iyi nzira inodzikisira njodzi uye inosimudzira kuziva kwemukati mashandisiro anoita madhipatimendi akasiyana eemail anoda humbowo.

Nepo DMARC iri chikamu chakakosha chekuchengetedza email yemazuva ano, kuita kwayo uye manejimendi akareba tekinoroji kumisikidzwa, kurongeka kwesangano, uye kugadzirira kushanda. Inonyanya kushanda kana ichionekwa kwete sebhokisi, asi sekuzvipira kunoenderera. Kune masangano mazhinji, kunyanya ayo asina yakadzama email kuchengetedza hunyanzvi, kuendesa kunze DMARC kune akasarudzika mupi kunopa kuoneka kuri nani, kukurumidza kutumirwa, uye kushomeka kunokanganisa kutaurirana zviri pamutemo. Sezvo kurerwa kwevana vachikura uye kurwiswa kwehumbavha kunowedzera kuoma, DMARC haisisiri sarudzo chete - ndizvo zvinodikanwa.

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